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1.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 54(4): 295-300, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722294

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Embora a dermatomiosite (DM) e a polimiosite (PM) compartilhem diversos aspectos clínicos em comum, cada uma delas apresenta características fisiopatológicas e histológicas próprias. É possível que estas diferenças também se reflitam macroscopicamente, como, por exemplo, em imagens musculares vistas em ressonância magnética (RM). Objetivos: Comparar simultaneamente a RM de diversos compartimentos musculares das coxas de pacientes com DM e PM adultos. Materiais: Estudo transversal, em que foram avaliadas, entre o período de 2010 a 2013, as imagens de RM das coxas realizadas em aparelho de 1,5 Tesla (T) com sequências ponderadas em T1 e T2 com supressão de gordura, para rastreamento, de 11 DM e 11 PM (Bohan e Peter, 1975) recém-diagnosticados, em atividade clínica e laboratorial. Resultados: A média de idade na ocasião da RM, o tempo entre o início de sintomas e a realização das RM, a distribuição de sexos e a terapia medicamentosa foram comparáveis entre os dois grupos (p>0,050). Em termos de RM, edema muscular foi encontrado significantemente em DM, e principalmente na região proximal dos músculos. A área de lipossubstituição dos músculos foi encontrada predominantemente em PM. Essa lipossubstituição, quando de uma forma parcial, ocorreu principalmente nos terços médio e distal, enquanto que a forma total transcorreu apenas no terço distal dos músculos. Não houve nenhuma área de fibrose muscular. Conclusões: A DM e a PM apresentam características distintas entre si em RM de músculos, a exemplo de distinções fisiopatológicas e histológicas. .


Introduction: Although dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) share many clinical features in common, they have distinct pathophysiological and histological features. It is possible that these distinctions reflect also macroscopically, for example, in muscle alterations seen in magnetic resonance images (MRI). Objectives: To compare simultaneously the MRI of various muscle compartments of the thighs of adult DM and PM. Materials: The present study is a cross-sectional that included, between 2010 and 2013, 11 newly diagnosed DM and 11 PM patients (Bohan and Peter's criteria, 1975), with clinical and laboratory activity.They were valued at RM thighs,T1 and T2 with fat suppression, 1.5 T MRI scanner sequences. Results: The mean age at the time of MRI, the time between onset of symptoms and the realization of the MRI distribution of sex and drug therapy were comparable between the two groups (p>0.050). Concerning the MRI, muscle edema was significantly found in DM, and mainly in the proximal region of the muscles. The area of fat replacement was found predominantly in PM. The partial fat replacement area occurred mainly in the medial and distal region, whereas the total fat replacement area occurred mainly in the distal muscles. There was no area of muscle fibrosis. Conclusions: DM and PM have different characteristics on MRI muscles, alike pathophysiological and histological distinctions. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Polymyositis/diagnostic imaging , Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging , Dermatomyositis/diagnostic imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Middle Aged
2.
Acta cir. bras ; 28(9): 641-645, Sept. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-684437

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of chlorhexidine on the formation of adhesions and dilation of the colon at the oral end of anastomosis in the presence of peritonitis. METHODS: Peritonitis was induced in male Wistar rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Abdominal cavities were irrigated with tepid solutions containing 0.9% saline (SAL group; n=8) or 0.05% chlorhexidine (CHD group; n=8), after which colon anastomoses were performed. Control rats (n=8) were submitted to colon anastomoses but not to CLP. Animals were euthanised seven days after surgery and the incidence of adhesions, the degree of dilation of colon loops and an index were calculated to determine variables correlation. RESULTS: No animals exhibited macroscopic signs of residual peritonitis or abdominal abscesses. Adhesions were observed in 75% of control and 100% of SAL and CHD animals. Dilation of intestinal loops at the oral end of anastomosis was observed in control (50%), SAL (57.2%) and CHD (66.7%) animals. The calculated index was 1.25 in group A; 1.86 in group B; and 2.0 group C. CONCLUSION: Chlorhexidine promoted stronger adhesions and a greater dilatation of colonic loops than control group.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology , Chlorhexidine/pharmacology , Colon/drug effects , Colon/surgery , Peritonitis/surgery , Anastomosis, Surgical , Disease Models, Animal , Ligation , Postoperative Complications , Peritonitis/chemically induced , Rats, Wistar , Reference Values , Severity of Illness Index , Tissue Adhesions/chemically induced , Tissue Adhesions/pathology
3.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 10(4): 498-501, Oct.-Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662483

ABSTRACT

Patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma are more susceptible to infections which are the major causes of morbidity and mortality associated to this disease. The main infectious agents involved are Gram-positive bacteria. However, after chemotherapy an increase in the incidence of Gram-negative strains is observed. These bacteria are also responsible for most cases of urinary tract infections. Here is reported a rare case in a 73-year-old man with multiple myeloma who developed endocarditis due to pseudomonas.


Pacientes diagnosticados com mieloma múltiplo são mais suscetíveis a infecções, que é a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade associadas a essa doença. Os principais agentes infecciosos envolvidos são as bactérias Gram-positivas, mas, após a quimioterapia, pode haver aumento na incidência de Gram-negativos, que são responsáveis, na maioria dos casos, por infecções do trato urinário. Assim, descrevese um raro caso de um paciente de 73 anos de idade, com mieloma múltiplo diagnosticado com endocardite por pseudomonas.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Mitral Valve/microbiology , Multiple Myeloma/complications , Pseudomonas Infections/complications , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 43(2): 194-197, Mar.-Apr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545775

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A leishmaniose visceral é um problema de saúde pública, com grau de letalidade alcançando 10 por cento. Para o tratamento medicamentoso, é recomendado o antimoniato de metilglucamina. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o uso de medicamento em casos de leishmaniose visceral atendidos no Serviço de Infectologia do Núcleo de Hospital Universitário de Campo Grande Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. MÉTODOS: Para coleta de dados, foram pesquisados prontuários de 76 pacientes com diagnóstico de leishmaniose visceral atendidos pelo Serviço de Infectologia do Hospital Universitário de Campo Grande. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados prontuários de 76 (28,9 por cento) pacientes (56 homens e 20 mulheres) apresentavam comorbidades. Como droga de 1ª escolha, 88,2 por cento dos pacientes utilizaram o antimoniato-N-metil glucamina com evolução para óbito de 18,4 por cento. A análise de sobrevida mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa em pacientes com e sem comorbidades (p< 0,0001) e com comorbidade que fizeram uso de Glucantime® (p <0,0009). A letalidade de 18,4 por cento sinaliza ineficiência das medidas de assistência a saúde adotadas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que o prognóstico da doença torna-se ruim quando associado à presença de comorbidades e que o tratamento deve ser criterioso, para minimizar a letalidade.


INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis is a public health problem, with lethality reaching 10 percent. The recommended drug treatment is methylglucamine antimoniate. This study aimed to evaluate drug use for cases of visceral leishmaniasis treated at the Infectology Clinic of the Campo Grande University Hospital Center, State of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: To collect data, we examined the medical records of 76 patients with a diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis treated at this Infectology Clinic. RESULTS: The medical files of 76 patients (56 men and 20 women; 28.9 percent) showed comorbidities. The first choice drug for 88.2 percent of the patients was N-methylglucamine antimoniate, with a fatal outcome for 18.4 percent. Survival analysis showed a statistically significant difference between patients with and without comorbidities (p <0.0001) and with comorbidities who used Glucantime® (p < 0.0009). The fatality rate of 18.4 percent indicates the low efficiency of the healthcare measures used. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the prognosis becomes poor when associated with the presence of comorbidities, and that the treatment needs to be carefully administered to minimize mortality.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/drug therapy , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/mortality , Meglumine/therapeutic use , Organometallic Compounds/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Survival Analysis , Young Adult
5.
Acta cir. bras ; 23(5): 456-461, Sept.-Oct. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-491913

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of inducing peritonitis in rats through laparoscopic cecal ligation (CL), by means of an elastic band. METHODS: Twelve Wistar rats were subjected to cecal ligated with an elastic band applied using a specially constructed applicator. In six of the animals (the CL group) the cecal sac was preserved intact whilst in the remaining animals (the CLP group) the sac was perforated with scissors. Clinical parameters, characteristics of the peritoneal cavity and cecum, and histological features of the cecal tissue were observed in all experimental animals 8 and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: CLP animals exhibited at least one clinical sign of sepsis within the first 8 h of observation. The peritoneal liquid was observed to be clear in almost all members of the CLP. Polymorphonucleated cells were detected in the tunica serosa of the cecum of CLP animals. In contrast, all members of the CL group were alive after 24h, and of polymorphonucleated cells in the muscle layer of the cecal wall were observed. The presence of peritoneal liquid was not detected in CL animals. CONCLUSION: Although elastic ligation of the cecum was reproducible, puncture of the cecal sac was essential for induction of sepsis.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia de induzir peritonite em ratos através da ligadura cecal laparoscópica (CL), por meio de banda elástica. MÉTODOS: Doze ratos Wistar foram submetidos a ligadura cecal com banda elástica aplicada com dispositivo especialmente construído para este fim. Em seis animais (grupo CL), a bolsa cecal foi mantida intacta, enquanto nos outros animais (grupo CLP), a bolsa foi perfurada com tesoura. Parâmetros clínicos, características da cavidade peritonial e ceco, e histologia do tecido cecal foram examinados em todos os animais 8 e 24 horas após a cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Os animais do grupo CLP apresentaram pelo menos um sinal clínico de sepses nas primeiras 8 h de observação. Líquido peritonial claro foi observado em quase todos os membros do grupo CLP. Leucócitos polimorfonucleares foram identificados na serosa do ceco dos animais do grupo CLP. Por outro lado, todos os animais do grupo CL estavam vivos após 24 h, e leucócitos polimorfonucleares estavam restritos à muscular própria. Presença de líquido peritonial não foi detectada nos animais do grupo CL. CONCLUSÃO: A ligadura elástica do ceco foi reprodutível e a secção da bolsa cecal foi essencial para a indução de sepse.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Cecum/surgery , Laparoscopy/methods , Peritonitis/pathology , Sepsis/pathology , Cecum/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Ligation , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
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